Lokanath Suar,

H.O.D. LL.M, G.M. Law College, Puri, Odisha

Ipsita Dalai,

2^nd Semester 3 Years LLB, G.M Law College, Puri, Odisha

Pabitra Mohan Dalai,

6^th Semester 3 Years LLB, G.M Law College, Puri, Odisha

DoI: CJBES/ Vol.2.1/ June-2025…

Abstract:        

Climate change represents a profound and long-term shift in Earth’s average temperature and weather patterns, posing an existential threat to humanity and the delicate balance of our environment. This urgent crisis demands immediate and cohesive global action. It stands as one of the most critical challenges of our time, necessitating a relentless commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Legal frameworks are essential in steering and enforcing our efforts to combat climate change. These frameworks encompass international agreements, national legislation, and regional regulations, collectively guiding our path forward. Among these, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) serves as a pivotal foundation for global initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change. National frameworks play a crucial role in regulating air pollution and fostering sustainable practices, exemplified by the Clean Air Act in the United States—a comprehensive federal law addressing not only air quality but also greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly, Germany’s Renewable Energy Act stands out as a vital legislation that champions the development of renewable energy sources, paving the way for a sustainable future. India has emerged as a formidable force in shaping both international and national legal frameworks aimed at mitigating climate change. Different initiatives and programs, such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA) launched in 2015 in India, reflect a global commitment to promoting solar energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. A critical analysis of international, national, and regional frameworks reveals both strengths and weaknesses, pinpointing crucial intersections and gaps among various legal structures. The findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced climate governance, which includes enforcing more stringent emission reductions, increasing transparency and accountability, and establishing more effective mechanisms for climate change mitigation. The growing urgency for stronger and more effective legal measures will continue to intensify in the face of this global challenge.

Keywords:

Climate Change, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Legal Frameworks, Sustainable Development, Renewable Energy, Transparency, Accountability.